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By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Why should you use science when managing lakes? You might have heard the saying; lake management is 90% art and 10% science. There seems to be a lot of truth to this statement. Many decisions and recommendations for lakes and ponds are made by intuition, prior experience, or observations rather than hard science.

The best lake management decisions use scientific data

The framework that allows scientists to make good decisions, is known as data driven decision making (DDDM). DDDM is a process of developing decisions and goals. These goals are reinforced by hard data rather than surface-level observation or intuition.

The more we follow the DDDM process in lake management, the more confident our decision will be. The lake management industry has come a long way in developing diagnostics that directly improve decision making. Like every other science, all lake management decisions can be tied back to data. The two approaches have largely different management plans to treat a lake said to contain harmful algae blooms (HAB’s).

Artistic – start throwing restoration tools (i.e., algaecides, aeration, bacteria, alum, etc.) at the lake until the lake manager observed some level of “success.”

DDDM

• Collect data to determine what the major factors are causing the HABs
• Determine which restoration tool(s) would be most effective to address those causes both short and long-term
• Set quantifiable goals
• Implement a restoration plan
• Monitor and adapt the plan when called for

Both approaches can theoretically solve the HAB issue at hand. However, the artistic approach has more risk because the tools used may or may not work. Because the decision is based on data, the DDDM approach has far less risk.

Everyone Wants Value for Their Money

When the artistic approach works, the cost is relatively lower. But, when it doesn’t work, money is wasted and clients feel betrayed and move on.

No doubt about it, the DDDM approach costs more on the front end and takes a bit longer to determine the best solutions. But it is important to keep in mind that the DDDM is just a process not a set procedure.

The level of DDDM, and therefore the cost depends on

• The amount of data that should be collected
• The analytical process required to finalize a resolution

Lake and Pond Data Science Experts on Demand

A certified, trained, and experienced individual consultant or consulting team is not needed for every pond or lake. But for difficult to manage waterbodies it makes a huge difference on your ability to get and keep long-term clients. Any data collected for decision making should have a clear management purpose or bring direct management utility. If you don’t have the means to retain an expert on staff, you have the option to hire ours as needed. Our lake management research specialists will know exactly what data should be collected to address the issue at hand and be able to work with you to stay within the client’s budget.

In the end, solutions that bring high level results without wasting money or time fosters long-term client relationships. That should be the goal of every lake manager.

Talk with our experts to learn more

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. Patrick is an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager. He is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology. His specialties include nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Dock de-icing is important for property owners with ponds or lakes that freeze in the winter. Docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage when the water is not kept open. Just because there may have been a mild winter occasionally in recent years, doesn’t mean there will be one this year.

Why Dock De-icing Matters

As surface waters freeze around docks and boats, concerned owners begin to worry and wonder if they will be lucky again this year. Don’t leave the chance of severe ice damage to your boat or dock to Mother Nature. Prevent it!

Ice has a tendency to shift over the course of the season. Shifting ice around your dock or boat can cause a few different types of damage.

Jacking/lifting damage
When water levels below the ice fluctuate it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen, or even completely remove even deep set pilings.

Expansion Damage
Ice as it thickens as it expands outward. This can cause damage by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart and damaging the dock. Ice damage to docks and boats is expensive to repair.

As temperatures start to significantly cool off in the fall, you should start to consider the options available to you for the winter months.

The choice is yours to protect your dock or boat:

• Do nothing and hope for the best
• Put your boat into dry storage and remove your dock from the water (if you have somewhere to put them) which can be extremely expensive
• De-ice the water around the boat and/or dock by installing a Vertex winter aeration system.

Rapid and severe cold snaps can happen without much warning at all, and cause your pond or lake to freeze over much sooner than anticipated. It is always better to be prepared, and much easier to install a system before it gets too cold.

Get an Aeration System Installed Now.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

As a pond or lake freezes, a winter fish kill can happen as diffusion of oxygen from the air above is cut off. If snow builds up on the ice, or the ice becomes hazy, light can’t penetrate the ice. This cuts off the production of oxygen by plants as well. Bacteria consume oxygen as they break down dying plants. Then fish consume more oxygen and the lake or pond is in trouble causing more fish to die.

Aeration Prevents Winter Fish Kills

In winter months, non-aerated ponds exhibit a type of reverse-stratification in their water column. The water is warmer, and slightly denser at the bottom. A Vertex winter pond aeration system brings warmer water to the surface to melt a hole in the ice. Open areas of water increase oxygen levels to prevent a winter fish kill. The hole size depends on several factors including, but not limited to, air temperature, depth and number of diffusers, and amount of airflow.

Where do I install the AirStations?

In the winter water is warmer closer to the bottom, this is where the fish will generally seek refuge from the extreme cold. It is important to locate the diffusers in an area where water depth is not at its deepest (~4′) to prevent rapid “super-cooling”. Super cooled water leads to fish kills. Place your diffusers in shallower water to preserve this deeper, warmer, safe haven for your fish while still opening a hole for gas exchange.

Prevent Winter Fish Kills

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Not everyone thinks about the benefits of pond and lake aeration in the fall. But, healthy waterbodies need proper levels of oxygen and circulation throughout the entire year. Installing a pond aeration system now can help prevent common water quality problems from occurring in the coming winter and spring months. Our top 5 reasons for introducing a Vertex bottom-diffused aeration system in your lake or pond this fall season are:

1. Prevent nutrient pollution

   

   Leaves on the trees turn beautiful colors in autumn, but they often fill our lakes and ponds as they fall. As the organic materials break down, they create undesirable muck and sediment composed of excess nutrients. In turn, this process contributes to the development of poor water quality conditions, bad odors and algae blooms – some of which can contain toxins. Introducing oxygen with bottom diffused aerators can help prevent these conditions. Dissolved oxygen helps create balanced water quality conditions that are less likely to fuel nuisance algae and other problems. When used consistently, aeration can help maintain balanced water quality year-round.

2. Help prevent winter fish kills

   As the days grow shorter, algae and plants that rely on photosynthesis begin producing less oxygen. And when a lake or pond freezes, sunlight and the diffusion of oxygen from the air above are cut off. This creates “layers” of varying temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish require dissolved oxygen to survive, and as these levels drop fish kills are more likely to occur. Aeration systems help circulate oxygen-rich water, reduce layers devoid of oxygen and prevent ice formation, minimizing the risk of winter fish kills. Proper placement of these systems is crucial, so it’s important to consult with a lake and pond management professional.

3. Keep ice open for waterfowl and other wildlife

   When aeration disrupts the formation of ice, it will allow for more open water to attract waterfowl and other wildlife, breaking up the sometimes bleakness of winter and breathing moments of life back into the season. These open areas of water also serve as an escape path for bursts of toxic gases from the anoxic sediment below, which would otherwise be trapped under the ice. While this is important for all lakes and ponds, shallow ponds often benefit the most.

4. Protect docks from ice damage

   When temperatures drop low enough to freeze over lakes and ponds, docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage. Ice can shift over the course of the season, resulting in:

   • Expensive Expansion Damage: Ice thickens as it expands outward. This can damage the dock by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart.
   • Jacking/lifting damage: When water levels below the ice fluctuate, it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen or completely remove even the deepest set pilings.

5. Maintain balanced water quality in warmer climates

   Not all regions are impacted by freezing temperatures in the fall and winter. Warmer climates often experience drier weather that leads to evaporation and the concentration of nutrients in the water column. Introducing oxygen and circulation will help keep the water quality in balance.

Every pond has individual needs. Your local lake and pond management professionals can help you identify the best aeration solution for your particular waterbody.

Get Aeration Before Fall Turns to Winter

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Tri-County Aquatics, a Vertex Dealer for 20 years installed a Large Lake 22 CFM cabinet with eight XL5 AirStations in a large pond in Michigan. This aeration system was a replacement for an old four cabinet system that was unreliable, inconsistent, loud, expensive and unsightly. And talk about fast, their team installed the Vertex system in just three hours. The homeowners are very happy to have their ponds’ water quality under control. Our Aeration specialist Sue Pinagel, shown in the boat below took photos and spent quality time with the whole team.

If you’re in Michigan and need lake management contact

Tri-County Aquatics
(586) 786-6234
tricountyaquatics.com
56824 Mound Road
Shelby Township, MI 48316

Contact Dealer by Email →

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Properly Sized Aeration Eliminates the Rotten Egg Reek

-By Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant

Have you noticed pond or lake odors that smell like rotten eggs? When there is plenty of oxygen in your pond either naturally or from a properly sized aeration system, anaerobic bacteria will step in and breakdown the organic material. But, as they do it, they will give off hydrogen sulfide, the cause of the smell.

You’ll breathe easier when your lake can breathe too

Temperature, water depth and water circulation all affect the oxygen levels in a pond. In general, wind blowing over the surface of the pond will circulate and mix the water in shallow ponds. This circulates oxygen throughout the whole pond. Also, oxygen producing organisms (e.g. plants or algae) in the water can supply the pond with significant amounts of oxygen. Oxygen throughout the whole pond means aerobic bacteria can effectively breakdown organic matter so there are no pond or lake odors.

Deeper ponds are much different. If a pond is deep enough, it can have distinct layers of water. Temperature changes drive the division of water layers called stratification.

In a summer stratified pond, there are at least two distinct water layers

The top water layer has warmer water, more light, and less organic matter than the bottom layer. Although the water in the top layer is warm and holds less oxygen, the smaller amounts of organic matter mean less oxygen is being used up by bacteria working to breakdown this material. In addition, the oxygen levels in this water layer remain high because they are constantly replenished by

• Absorption of oxygen from the air directly above the pond
• The oxygen produced by plants and algae as they photosynthesize.

If oxygen levels remain high, then oxygen-needing bacteria dominate, and in the absence of non-oxygen-needing bacteria, there is no buildup of hydrogen sulfide and so there is no odor.

The bottom layer of water is cooler and darker than the surface and sits above the sediment, which is where most of the organic matter lies. Oxygen-needing bacteria in the bottom layer work to breakdown organic matter. They use up the available oxygen quickly and no more oxygen can be added to this layer because:

• It is too dark for plants or algae to photosynthesize and produce more oxygen
• It is cut off from the surface water , so no oxygenated surface water can be mixed into the lower water layer.

This is why, even though the bottom water is cooler than the top, it holds less oxygen. Once most of the oxygen becomes depleted, the non-oxygen-needing bacteria take over. As they breakdown organic material, they release hydrogen sulfide. Over time, hydrogen sulfide builds up in the lower water layer and it is trapped as long as the pond remains stagnant.

Pond and lake odors take over in stagnant and stratified water

In stratified ponds, that layer of stinky water stays locked up at the bottom, becoming more saturated with hydrogen sulfide. As the warm summer gives way to cooler fall temperatures, the surface water cools, its density increases, and it starts to sink to the bottom of the pond. This mixing cycle, referred to as turnover, forces the water at the bottom of the pond up.

The mixing of the surface and lower waters causes the release of the once trapped hydrogen sulfide and results in a mass emission of very foul gas and an unpleasant October surprise. In addition to the foul smell, this mixing can also cause fish kills, algae blooms and other problems.

How you can avoid the problem – properly sized aeration !

The best way to avoid the problems associated with seasonal turnover is to prevent your pond from stratifying in the first place by encouraging consistent water mixing all year round. While the water of shallow ponds can be mixed just by wind action, deeper ponds may need some help to get the job done. Many people use artificial methods to help with water circulation. The most common of which is aeration.

What exactly is Aeration and how does it control pond and lake odors?

Aeration refers to the pumping of pressurized air into a pond at strategic points, which forces the water in the pond to circulate. Constant circulation prevents stratification and eliminates the buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the hypolimnion. A properly sized aeration system also consistently forces oxygen-rich surface water to circulate throughout the pond, which results in an even distribution of oxygen throughout the water column. This oxygen rich environment favors the growth of aerobic bacteria and makes it possible for them to consistently breakdown organic matter without the risk of running out of oxygen. As long as circulation continues, oxygen will remain available, anaerobic bacteria will remain at bay and there will be no rotten egg odor.

Enjoy Being Around Your Pond or Lake Again

About Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant
Dr. La Hée conducts research on urban aquatic ecology. The primary focus of her research is the use of sustainable management techniques for restoring impaired lakes and ponds. Dr. La Hée spent three years running lake aeration studies on multiple lakes throughout Florida. Additionally, she developed the lake assessment and monitoring protocols. In addition to research, Dr. La Hée conducts teaching and training sessions for lake management groups. She has presented research at conferences including the North America Lake Management Society and the Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Mosquitoes and midge flies are among the most annoying insects on the planet. Throughout the warmer months they seem to be everywhere, constantly buzzing in our ears and ruining our outdoor activities. Midge flies are non-biting insects known by many common names including blind mosquito and fuzzy bill. They do not bite, suck blood, or carry disease like true mosquitoes do. This makes midges more of a nuisance than mosquitoes, which can carry deadly diseases like West Nile and Zika.

Both midge flies and mosquitoes begin their life as an aquatic organism. Females deposit their eggs in low oxygen, murky, stagnant water found in ponds and lakes with low water quality. A female can mate multiple times in her lifespan and may lay 100-200 total eggs. They fly over the water and drop eggs, which develop into larvae in a few days to weeks.

Adult mosquitoes and midge flies spend their adult life flying around, relocating, and breeding, but only female mosquitoes bite as they need the protein rich blood meal for egg development. It may seem almost impossible to control these insects; but there are effective, natural, and environmentally sound solutions to reduce their numbers.

Since these pests start their life in water, it is easier to eliminate them before they become adults. For long term control, you need to improve the water quality of the lake. As lakes age, many develop layers of organic bottom muck that dramatically lowers dissolved oxygen levels. Low quality water favors growth of larvae while preventing fish and other insect predators from feeding on them.

Control Mosquitoes and Midges Where They Breed

There are three good options that used individually or together can greatly reduce these insect populations:

1. Shoreline buffer zones: In addition to reducing the amount of muddy sediments, a beneficial buffer provides habitat for dragonflies. Both the dragonfly larvae and adults are predators and make mosquitoes a primary meal. A single dragonfly can consume 30-100 mosquitoes a day.
2. Stock fish that feed on the insect larvae: Another way to cut down on your pond’s mosquito and midge fly population is by stocking certain fish that feed on the larvae.  Combining fish stocking with a beneficial buffer will also provide habitat for the fish, giving them a place to escape from predators and potentially reproduce. It is always good advice to consult with a lake and pond management company before stocking any fish. They will be current on the fish stocking laws in your area.
3. Pond and lake aeration: midge flies and mosquito larvae flourish in stagnant water with low oxygen. A bottom diffused aeration system fills the entire water column with oxygen that combats these pests by making it difficult for the larvae to thrive, increasing beneficial bacteria that speeds up decomposition which can result in less sediment and keeps the water moving. The females typically do not try to lay their eggs on moving water.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of sustainable solutions to help reduce and control mosquitoes and midge flies and the place to start is by improving water quality.

Get Help for Your Pest Problems Today

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Golf course ponds and lakes suffer from many common problems that are often made more difficult when maintaining turf to the highest standards.  Nutrient over-enrichment from constant fertilization of turf promotes the growth of algae blooms. These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some blooms produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases.

Control nutrients that cause algae in golf course ponds

In addition to the nutrients that wash in from the surface, when oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen release upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate algae. The oxygenation process induced by aeration moderates nutrients from lake sediments.

Adding oxygen reduces algae in golf course ponds

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of algae blooms is to pump air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate algae growth. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

This Vertex  aeration installation done by the professionals at SOLitude Lake Management in the Town of Eastham, MA is phase two of a larger project that includes Hydro-Raking and Alum treatment in Eastham, MA. Mike Didier of SOLitude was interviewed by Jane Crowley from the Eastham Health Department.

SOLitude Lake Management
www.solitudelakemanagement.com
(508) 885-0101
590 Lake St.
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Contact Dealer by Email →

Does your pond or lake need more oxygen?

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Nutrient over-enrichment of waters by urban, agricultural, and industrial development has promoted the growth of cyanobacteria as harmful algae blooms (HABs). These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some cyanobacteria produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases. Harmful algae blooms threaten waterbodies around the world.

When lakes become stagnant and stratify, cyanobacteria can begin to proliferate causing HABs to occur. Cyanobacteria have a competitive advantage in stratified lakes. Many can move themselves up and down the water column to access light for photosynthesis. This movement allows them to out-compete other groups of algae, especially diatoms, which tend to sink more rapidly from their heavy outer shells. Breaking stratification by circulating and mixing the water “levels the playing field” for other more desirable groups of algae to become established. Mixing the water column can prevent cyanobacteria from reaching harmful bloom levels.

Adding Oxygen Reduces Algae Growth Over Time

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of HABs is to pump compressed air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

Control nutrients that cause harmful algae to bloom

When oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen are released upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate HABs. The oxygenation process that is induced by aeration can moderate nutrients being released from lake sediments.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate an HAB and/or cause a fish kill. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. As an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager, he is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology including nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Why should you use science when managing lakes? You might have heard the saying; lake management is 90% art and 10% science. There seems to be a lot of truth to this statement. Many decisions and recommendations for lakes and ponds are made by intuition, prior experience, or observations rather than hard science.

The best lake management decisions use scientific data

The framework that allows scientists to make good decisions, is known as data driven decision making (DDDM). DDDM is a process of developing decisions and goals. These goals are reinforced by hard data rather than surface-level observation or intuition.

The more we follow the DDDM process in lake management, the more confident our decision will be. The lake management industry has come a long way in developing diagnostics that directly improve decision making. Like every other science, all lake management decisions can be tied back to data. The two approaches have largely different management plans to treat a lake said to contain harmful algae blooms (HAB’s).

Artistic – start throwing restoration tools (i.e., algaecides, aeration, bacteria, alum, etc.) at the lake until the lake manager observed some level of “success.”

DDDM

• Collect data to determine what the major factors are causing the HABs
• Determine which restoration tool(s) would be most effective to address those causes both short and long-term
• Set quantifiable goals
• Implement a restoration plan
• Monitor and adapt the plan when called for

Both approaches can theoretically solve the HAB issue at hand. However, the artistic approach has more risk because the tools used may or may not work. Because the decision is based on data, the DDDM approach has far less risk.

Everyone Wants Value for Their Money

When the artistic approach works, the cost is relatively lower. But, when it doesn’t work, money is wasted and clients feel betrayed and move on.

No doubt about it, the DDDM approach costs more on the front end and takes a bit longer to determine the best solutions. But it is important to keep in mind that the DDDM is just a process not a set procedure.

The level of DDDM, and therefore the cost depends on

• The amount of data that should be collected
• The analytical process required to finalize a resolution

Lake and Pond Data Science Experts on Demand

A certified, trained, and experienced individual consultant or consulting team is not needed for every pond or lake. But for difficult to manage waterbodies it makes a huge difference on your ability to get and keep long-term clients. Any data collected for decision making should have a clear management purpose or bring direct management utility. If you don’t have the means to retain an expert on staff, you have the option to hire ours as needed. Our lake management research specialists will know exactly what data should be collected to address the issue at hand and be able to work with you to stay within the client’s budget.

In the end, solutions that bring high level results without wasting money or time fosters long-term client relationships. That should be the goal of every lake manager.

Talk with our experts to learn more

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. Patrick is an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager. He is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology. His specialties include nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Dock de-icing is important for property owners with ponds or lakes that freeze in the winter. Docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage when the water is not kept open. Just because there may have been a mild winter occasionally in recent years, doesn’t mean there will be one this year.

Why Dock De-icing Matters

As surface waters freeze around docks and boats, concerned owners begin to worry and wonder if they will be lucky again this year. Don’t leave the chance of severe ice damage to your boat or dock to Mother Nature. Prevent it!

Ice has a tendency to shift over the course of the season. Shifting ice around your dock or boat can cause a few different types of damage.

Jacking/lifting damage
When water levels below the ice fluctuate it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen, or even completely remove even deep set pilings.

Expansion Damage
Ice as it thickens as it expands outward. This can cause damage by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart and damaging the dock. Ice damage to docks and boats is expensive to repair.

As temperatures start to significantly cool off in the fall, you should start to consider the options available to you for the winter months.

The choice is yours to protect your dock or boat:

• Do nothing and hope for the best
• Put your boat into dry storage and remove your dock from the water (if you have somewhere to put them) which can be extremely expensive
• De-ice the water around the boat and/or dock by installing a Vertex winter aeration system.

Rapid and severe cold snaps can happen without much warning at all, and cause your pond or lake to freeze over much sooner than anticipated. It is always better to be prepared, and much easier to install a system before it gets too cold.

Get an Aeration System Installed Now.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

As a pond or lake freezes, a winter fish kill can happen as diffusion of oxygen from the air above is cut off. If snow builds up on the ice, or the ice becomes hazy, light can’t penetrate the ice. This cuts off the production of oxygen by plants as well. Bacteria consume oxygen as they break down dying plants. Then fish consume more oxygen and the lake or pond is in trouble causing more fish to die.

Aeration Prevents Winter Fish Kills

In winter months, non-aerated ponds exhibit a type of reverse-stratification in their water column. The water is warmer, and slightly denser at the bottom. A Vertex winter pond aeration system brings warmer water to the surface to melt a hole in the ice. Open areas of water increase oxygen levels to prevent a winter fish kill. The hole size depends on several factors including, but not limited to, air temperature, depth and number of diffusers, and amount of airflow.

Where do I install the AirStations?

In the winter water is warmer closer to the bottom, this is where the fish will generally seek refuge from the extreme cold. It is important to locate the diffusers in an area where water depth is not at its deepest (~4′) to prevent rapid “super-cooling”. Super cooled water leads to fish kills. Place your diffusers in shallower water to preserve this deeper, warmer, safe haven for your fish while still opening a hole for gas exchange.

Prevent Winter Fish Kills

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Not everyone thinks about the benefits of pond and lake aeration in the fall. But, healthy waterbodies need proper levels of oxygen and circulation throughout the entire year. Installing a pond aeration system now can help prevent common water quality problems from occurring in the coming winter and spring months. Our top 5 reasons for introducing a Vertex bottom-diffused aeration system in your lake or pond this fall season are:

1. Prevent nutrient pollution

   

   Leaves on the trees turn beautiful colors in autumn, but they often fill our lakes and ponds as they fall. As the organic materials break down, they create undesirable muck and sediment composed of excess nutrients. In turn, this process contributes to the development of poor water quality conditions, bad odors and algae blooms – some of which can contain toxins. Introducing oxygen with bottom diffused aerators can help prevent these conditions. Dissolved oxygen helps create balanced water quality conditions that are less likely to fuel nuisance algae and other problems. When used consistently, aeration can help maintain balanced water quality year-round.

2. Help prevent winter fish kills

   As the days grow shorter, algae and plants that rely on photosynthesis begin producing less oxygen. And when a lake or pond freezes, sunlight and the diffusion of oxygen from the air above are cut off. This creates “layers” of varying temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish require dissolved oxygen to survive, and as these levels drop fish kills are more likely to occur. Aeration systems help circulate oxygen-rich water, reduce layers devoid of oxygen and prevent ice formation, minimizing the risk of winter fish kills. Proper placement of these systems is crucial, so it’s important to consult with a lake and pond management professional.

3. Keep ice open for waterfowl and other wildlife

   When aeration disrupts the formation of ice, it will allow for more open water to attract waterfowl and other wildlife, breaking up the sometimes bleakness of winter and breathing moments of life back into the season. These open areas of water also serve as an escape path for bursts of toxic gases from the anoxic sediment below, which would otherwise be trapped under the ice. While this is important for all lakes and ponds, shallow ponds often benefit the most.

4. Protect docks from ice damage

   When temperatures drop low enough to freeze over lakes and ponds, docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage. Ice can shift over the course of the season, resulting in:

   • Expensive Expansion Damage: Ice thickens as it expands outward. This can damage the dock by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart.
   • Jacking/lifting damage: When water levels below the ice fluctuate, it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen or completely remove even the deepest set pilings.

5. Maintain balanced water quality in warmer climates

   Not all regions are impacted by freezing temperatures in the fall and winter. Warmer climates often experience drier weather that leads to evaporation and the concentration of nutrients in the water column. Introducing oxygen and circulation will help keep the water quality in balance.

Every pond has individual needs. Your local lake and pond management professionals can help you identify the best aeration solution for your particular waterbody.

Get Aeration Before Fall Turns to Winter

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Tri-County Aquatics, a Vertex Dealer for 20 years installed a Large Lake 22 CFM cabinet with eight XL5 AirStations in a large pond in Michigan. This aeration system was a replacement for an old four cabinet system that was unreliable, inconsistent, loud, expensive and unsightly. And talk about fast, their team installed the Vertex system in just three hours. The homeowners are very happy to have their ponds’ water quality under control. Our Aeration specialist Sue Pinagel, shown in the boat below took photos and spent quality time with the whole team.

If you’re in Michigan and need lake management contact

Tri-County Aquatics
(586) 786-6234
tricountyaquatics.com
56824 Mound Road
Shelby Township, MI 48316

Contact Dealer by Email →

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Properly Sized Aeration Eliminates the Rotten Egg Reek

-By Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant

Have you noticed pond or lake odors that smell like rotten eggs? When there is plenty of oxygen in your pond either naturally or from a properly sized aeration system, anaerobic bacteria will step in and breakdown the organic material. But, as they do it, they will give off hydrogen sulfide, the cause of the smell.

You’ll breathe easier when your lake can breathe too

Temperature, water depth and water circulation all affect the oxygen levels in a pond. In general, wind blowing over the surface of the pond will circulate and mix the water in shallow ponds. This circulates oxygen throughout the whole pond. Also, oxygen producing organisms (e.g. plants or algae) in the water can supply the pond with significant amounts of oxygen. Oxygen throughout the whole pond means aerobic bacteria can effectively breakdown organic matter so there are no pond or lake odors.

Deeper ponds are much different. If a pond is deep enough, it can have distinct layers of water. Temperature changes drive the division of water layers called stratification.

In a summer stratified pond, there are at least two distinct water layers

The top water layer has warmer water, more light, and less organic matter than the bottom layer. Although the water in the top layer is warm and holds less oxygen, the smaller amounts of organic matter mean less oxygen is being used up by bacteria working to breakdown this material. In addition, the oxygen levels in this water layer remain high because they are constantly replenished by

• Absorption of oxygen from the air directly above the pond
• The oxygen produced by plants and algae as they photosynthesize.

If oxygen levels remain high, then oxygen-needing bacteria dominate, and in the absence of non-oxygen-needing bacteria, there is no buildup of hydrogen sulfide and so there is no odor.

The bottom layer of water is cooler and darker than the surface and sits above the sediment, which is where most of the organic matter lies. Oxygen-needing bacteria in the bottom layer work to breakdown organic matter. They use up the available oxygen quickly and no more oxygen can be added to this layer because:

• It is too dark for plants or algae to photosynthesize and produce more oxygen
• It is cut off from the surface water , so no oxygenated surface water can be mixed into the lower water layer.

This is why, even though the bottom water is cooler than the top, it holds less oxygen. Once most of the oxygen becomes depleted, the non-oxygen-needing bacteria take over. As they breakdown organic material, they release hydrogen sulfide. Over time, hydrogen sulfide builds up in the lower water layer and it is trapped as long as the pond remains stagnant.

Pond and lake odors take over in stagnant and stratified water

In stratified ponds, that layer of stinky water stays locked up at the bottom, becoming more saturated with hydrogen sulfide. As the warm summer gives way to cooler fall temperatures, the surface water cools, its density increases, and it starts to sink to the bottom of the pond. This mixing cycle, referred to as turnover, forces the water at the bottom of the pond up.

The mixing of the surface and lower waters causes the release of the once trapped hydrogen sulfide and results in a mass emission of very foul gas and an unpleasant October surprise. In addition to the foul smell, this mixing can also cause fish kills, algae blooms and other problems.

How you can avoid the problem – properly sized aeration !

The best way to avoid the problems associated with seasonal turnover is to prevent your pond from stratifying in the first place by encouraging consistent water mixing all year round. While the water of shallow ponds can be mixed just by wind action, deeper ponds may need some help to get the job done. Many people use artificial methods to help with water circulation. The most common of which is aeration.

What exactly is Aeration and how does it control pond and lake odors?

Aeration refers to the pumping of pressurized air into a pond at strategic points, which forces the water in the pond to circulate. Constant circulation prevents stratification and eliminates the buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the hypolimnion. A properly sized aeration system also consistently forces oxygen-rich surface water to circulate throughout the pond, which results in an even distribution of oxygen throughout the water column. This oxygen rich environment favors the growth of aerobic bacteria and makes it possible for them to consistently breakdown organic matter without the risk of running out of oxygen. As long as circulation continues, oxygen will remain available, anaerobic bacteria will remain at bay and there will be no rotten egg odor.

Enjoy Being Around Your Pond or Lake Again

About Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant
Dr. La Hée conducts research on urban aquatic ecology. The primary focus of her research is the use of sustainable management techniques for restoring impaired lakes and ponds. Dr. La Hée spent three years running lake aeration studies on multiple lakes throughout Florida. Additionally, she developed the lake assessment and monitoring protocols. In addition to research, Dr. La Hée conducts teaching and training sessions for lake management groups. She has presented research at conferences including the North America Lake Management Society and the Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Mosquitoes and midge flies are among the most annoying insects on the planet. Throughout the warmer months they seem to be everywhere, constantly buzzing in our ears and ruining our outdoor activities. Midge flies are non-biting insects known by many common names including blind mosquito and fuzzy bill. They do not bite, suck blood, or carry disease like true mosquitoes do. This makes midges more of a nuisance than mosquitoes, which can carry deadly diseases like West Nile and Zika.

Both midge flies and mosquitoes begin their life as an aquatic organism. Females deposit their eggs in low oxygen, murky, stagnant water found in ponds and lakes with low water quality. A female can mate multiple times in her lifespan and may lay 100-200 total eggs. They fly over the water and drop eggs, which develop into larvae in a few days to weeks.

Adult mosquitoes and midge flies spend their adult life flying around, relocating, and breeding, but only female mosquitoes bite as they need the protein rich blood meal for egg development. It may seem almost impossible to control these insects; but there are effective, natural, and environmentally sound solutions to reduce their numbers.

Since these pests start their life in water, it is easier to eliminate them before they become adults. For long term control, you need to improve the water quality of the lake. As lakes age, many develop layers of organic bottom muck that dramatically lowers dissolved oxygen levels. Low quality water favors growth of larvae while preventing fish and other insect predators from feeding on them.

Control Mosquitoes and Midges Where They Breed

There are three good options that used individually or together can greatly reduce these insect populations:

1. Shoreline buffer zones: In addition to reducing the amount of muddy sediments, a beneficial buffer provides habitat for dragonflies. Both the dragonfly larvae and adults are predators and make mosquitoes a primary meal. A single dragonfly can consume 30-100 mosquitoes a day.
2. Stock fish that feed on the insect larvae: Another way to cut down on your pond’s mosquito and midge fly population is by stocking certain fish that feed on the larvae.  Combining fish stocking with a beneficial buffer will also provide habitat for the fish, giving them a place to escape from predators and potentially reproduce. It is always good advice to consult with a lake and pond management company before stocking any fish. They will be current on the fish stocking laws in your area.
3. Pond and lake aeration: midge flies and mosquito larvae flourish in stagnant water with low oxygen. A bottom diffused aeration system fills the entire water column with oxygen that combats these pests by making it difficult for the larvae to thrive, increasing beneficial bacteria that speeds up decomposition which can result in less sediment and keeps the water moving. The females typically do not try to lay their eggs on moving water.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of sustainable solutions to help reduce and control mosquitoes and midge flies and the place to start is by improving water quality.

Get Help for Your Pest Problems Today

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Golf course ponds and lakes suffer from many common problems that are often made more difficult when maintaining turf to the highest standards.  Nutrient over-enrichment from constant fertilization of turf promotes the growth of algae blooms. These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some blooms produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases.

Control nutrients that cause algae in golf course ponds

In addition to the nutrients that wash in from the surface, when oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen release upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate algae. The oxygenation process induced by aeration moderates nutrients from lake sediments.

Adding oxygen reduces algae in golf course ponds

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of algae blooms is to pump air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate algae growth. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

This Vertex  aeration installation done by the professionals at SOLitude Lake Management in the Town of Eastham, MA is phase two of a larger project that includes Hydro-Raking and Alum treatment in Eastham, MA. Mike Didier of SOLitude was interviewed by Jane Crowley from the Eastham Health Department.

SOLitude Lake Management
www.solitudelakemanagement.com
(508) 885-0101
590 Lake St.
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Contact Dealer by Email →

Does your pond or lake need more oxygen?

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Nutrient over-enrichment of waters by urban, agricultural, and industrial development has promoted the growth of cyanobacteria as harmful algae blooms (HABs). These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some cyanobacteria produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases. Harmful algae blooms threaten waterbodies around the world.

When lakes become stagnant and stratify, cyanobacteria can begin to proliferate causing HABs to occur. Cyanobacteria have a competitive advantage in stratified lakes. Many can move themselves up and down the water column to access light for photosynthesis. This movement allows them to out-compete other groups of algae, especially diatoms, which tend to sink more rapidly from their heavy outer shells. Breaking stratification by circulating and mixing the water “levels the playing field” for other more desirable groups of algae to become established. Mixing the water column can prevent cyanobacteria from reaching harmful bloom levels.

Adding Oxygen Reduces Algae Growth Over Time

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of HABs is to pump compressed air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

Control nutrients that cause harmful algae to bloom

When oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen are released upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate HABs. The oxygenation process that is induced by aeration can moderate nutrients being released from lake sediments.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate an HAB and/or cause a fish kill. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. As an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager, he is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology including nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Why should you use science when managing lakes? You might have heard the saying; lake management is 90% art and 10% science. There seems to be a lot of truth to this statement. Many decisions and recommendations for lakes and ponds are made by intuition, prior experience, or observations rather than hard science.

The best lake management decisions use scientific data

The framework that allows scientists to make good decisions, is known as data driven decision making (DDDM). DDDM is a process of developing decisions and goals. These goals are reinforced by hard data rather than surface-level observation or intuition.

The more we follow the DDDM process in lake management, the more confident our decision will be. The lake management industry has come a long way in developing diagnostics that directly improve decision making. Like every other science, all lake management decisions can be tied back to data. The two approaches have largely different management plans to treat a lake said to contain harmful algae blooms (HAB’s).

Artistic – start throwing restoration tools (i.e., algaecides, aeration, bacteria, alum, etc.) at the lake until the lake manager observed some level of “success.”

DDDM

• Collect data to determine what the major factors are causing the HABs
• Determine which restoration tool(s) would be most effective to address those causes both short and long-term
• Set quantifiable goals
• Implement a restoration plan
• Monitor and adapt the plan when called for

Both approaches can theoretically solve the HAB issue at hand. However, the artistic approach has more risk because the tools used may or may not work. Because the decision is based on data, the DDDM approach has far less risk.

Everyone Wants Value for Their Money

When the artistic approach works, the cost is relatively lower. But, when it doesn’t work, money is wasted and clients feel betrayed and move on.

No doubt about it, the DDDM approach costs more on the front end and takes a bit longer to determine the best solutions. But it is important to keep in mind that the DDDM is just a process not a set procedure.

The level of DDDM, and therefore the cost depends on

• The amount of data that should be collected
• The analytical process required to finalize a resolution

Lake and Pond Data Science Experts on Demand

A certified, trained, and experienced individual consultant or consulting team is not needed for every pond or lake. But for difficult to manage waterbodies it makes a huge difference on your ability to get and keep long-term clients. Any data collected for decision making should have a clear management purpose or bring direct management utility. If you don’t have the means to retain an expert on staff, you have the option to hire ours as needed. Our lake management research specialists will know exactly what data should be collected to address the issue at hand and be able to work with you to stay within the client’s budget.

In the end, solutions that bring high level results without wasting money or time fosters long-term client relationships. That should be the goal of every lake manager.

Talk with our experts to learn more

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. Patrick is an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager. He is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology. His specialties include nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Dock de-icing is important for property owners with ponds or lakes that freeze in the winter. Docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage when the water is not kept open. Just because there may have been a mild winter occasionally in recent years, doesn’t mean there will be one this year.

Why Dock De-icing Matters

As surface waters freeze around docks and boats, concerned owners begin to worry and wonder if they will be lucky again this year. Don’t leave the chance of severe ice damage to your boat or dock to Mother Nature. Prevent it!

Ice has a tendency to shift over the course of the season. Shifting ice around your dock or boat can cause a few different types of damage.

Jacking/lifting damage
When water levels below the ice fluctuate it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen, or even completely remove even deep set pilings.

Expansion Damage
Ice as it thickens as it expands outward. This can cause damage by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart and damaging the dock. Ice damage to docks and boats is expensive to repair.

As temperatures start to significantly cool off in the fall, you should start to consider the options available to you for the winter months.

The choice is yours to protect your dock or boat:

• Do nothing and hope for the best
• Put your boat into dry storage and remove your dock from the water (if you have somewhere to put them) which can be extremely expensive
• De-ice the water around the boat and/or dock by installing a Vertex winter aeration system.

Rapid and severe cold snaps can happen without much warning at all, and cause your pond or lake to freeze over much sooner than anticipated. It is always better to be prepared, and much easier to install a system before it gets too cold.

Get an Aeration System Installed Now.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

As a pond or lake freezes, a winter fish kill can happen as diffusion of oxygen from the air above is cut off. If snow builds up on the ice, or the ice becomes hazy, light can’t penetrate the ice. This cuts off the production of oxygen by plants as well. Bacteria consume oxygen as they break down dying plants. Then fish consume more oxygen and the lake or pond is in trouble causing more fish to die.

Aeration Prevents Winter Fish Kills

In winter months, non-aerated ponds exhibit a type of reverse-stratification in their water column. The water is warmer, and slightly denser at the bottom. A Vertex winter pond aeration system brings warmer water to the surface to melt a hole in the ice. Open areas of water increase oxygen levels to prevent a winter fish kill. The hole size depends on several factors including, but not limited to, air temperature, depth and number of diffusers, and amount of airflow.

Where do I install the AirStations?

In the winter water is warmer closer to the bottom, this is where the fish will generally seek refuge from the extreme cold. It is important to locate the diffusers in an area where water depth is not at its deepest (~4′) to prevent rapid “super-cooling”. Super cooled water leads to fish kills. Place your diffusers in shallower water to preserve this deeper, warmer, safe haven for your fish while still opening a hole for gas exchange.

Prevent Winter Fish Kills

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Not everyone thinks about the benefits of pond and lake aeration in the fall. But, healthy waterbodies need proper levels of oxygen and circulation throughout the entire year. Installing a pond aeration system now can help prevent common water quality problems from occurring in the coming winter and spring months. Our top 5 reasons for introducing a Vertex bottom-diffused aeration system in your lake or pond this fall season are:

1. Prevent nutrient pollution

   

   Leaves on the trees turn beautiful colors in autumn, but they often fill our lakes and ponds as they fall. As the organic materials break down, they create undesirable muck and sediment composed of excess nutrients. In turn, this process contributes to the development of poor water quality conditions, bad odors and algae blooms – some of which can contain toxins. Introducing oxygen with bottom diffused aerators can help prevent these conditions. Dissolved oxygen helps create balanced water quality conditions that are less likely to fuel nuisance algae and other problems. When used consistently, aeration can help maintain balanced water quality year-round.

2. Help prevent winter fish kills

   As the days grow shorter, algae and plants that rely on photosynthesis begin producing less oxygen. And when a lake or pond freezes, sunlight and the diffusion of oxygen from the air above are cut off. This creates “layers” of varying temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish require dissolved oxygen to survive, and as these levels drop fish kills are more likely to occur. Aeration systems help circulate oxygen-rich water, reduce layers devoid of oxygen and prevent ice formation, minimizing the risk of winter fish kills. Proper placement of these systems is crucial, so it’s important to consult with a lake and pond management professional.

3. Keep ice open for waterfowl and other wildlife

   When aeration disrupts the formation of ice, it will allow for more open water to attract waterfowl and other wildlife, breaking up the sometimes bleakness of winter and breathing moments of life back into the season. These open areas of water also serve as an escape path for bursts of toxic gases from the anoxic sediment below, which would otherwise be trapped under the ice. While this is important for all lakes and ponds, shallow ponds often benefit the most.

4. Protect docks from ice damage

   When temperatures drop low enough to freeze over lakes and ponds, docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage. Ice can shift over the course of the season, resulting in:

   • Expensive Expansion Damage: Ice thickens as it expands outward. This can damage the dock by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart.
   • Jacking/lifting damage: When water levels below the ice fluctuate, it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen or completely remove even the deepest set pilings.

5. Maintain balanced water quality in warmer climates

   Not all regions are impacted by freezing temperatures in the fall and winter. Warmer climates often experience drier weather that leads to evaporation and the concentration of nutrients in the water column. Introducing oxygen and circulation will help keep the water quality in balance.

Every pond has individual needs. Your local lake and pond management professionals can help you identify the best aeration solution for your particular waterbody.

Get Aeration Before Fall Turns to Winter

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Tri-County Aquatics, a Vertex Dealer for 20 years installed a Large Lake 22 CFM cabinet with eight XL5 AirStations in a large pond in Michigan. This aeration system was a replacement for an old four cabinet system that was unreliable, inconsistent, loud, expensive and unsightly. And talk about fast, their team installed the Vertex system in just three hours. The homeowners are very happy to have their ponds’ water quality under control. Our Aeration specialist Sue Pinagel, shown in the boat below took photos and spent quality time with the whole team.

If you’re in Michigan and need lake management contact

Tri-County Aquatics
(586) 786-6234
tricountyaquatics.com
56824 Mound Road
Shelby Township, MI 48316

Contact Dealer by Email →

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Properly Sized Aeration Eliminates the Rotten Egg Reek

-By Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant

Have you noticed pond or lake odors that smell like rotten eggs? When there is plenty of oxygen in your pond either naturally or from a properly sized aeration system, anaerobic bacteria will step in and breakdown the organic material. But, as they do it, they will give off hydrogen sulfide, the cause of the smell.

You’ll breathe easier when your lake can breathe too

Temperature, water depth and water circulation all affect the oxygen levels in a pond. In general, wind blowing over the surface of the pond will circulate and mix the water in shallow ponds. This circulates oxygen throughout the whole pond. Also, oxygen producing organisms (e.g. plants or algae) in the water can supply the pond with significant amounts of oxygen. Oxygen throughout the whole pond means aerobic bacteria can effectively breakdown organic matter so there are no pond or lake odors.

Deeper ponds are much different. If a pond is deep enough, it can have distinct layers of water. Temperature changes drive the division of water layers called stratification.

In a summer stratified pond, there are at least two distinct water layers

The top water layer has warmer water, more light, and less organic matter than the bottom layer. Although the water in the top layer is warm and holds less oxygen, the smaller amounts of organic matter mean less oxygen is being used up by bacteria working to breakdown this material. In addition, the oxygen levels in this water layer remain high because they are constantly replenished by

• Absorption of oxygen from the air directly above the pond
• The oxygen produced by plants and algae as they photosynthesize.

If oxygen levels remain high, then oxygen-needing bacteria dominate, and in the absence of non-oxygen-needing bacteria, there is no buildup of hydrogen sulfide and so there is no odor.

The bottom layer of water is cooler and darker than the surface and sits above the sediment, which is where most of the organic matter lies. Oxygen-needing bacteria in the bottom layer work to breakdown organic matter. They use up the available oxygen quickly and no more oxygen can be added to this layer because:

• It is too dark for plants or algae to photosynthesize and produce more oxygen
• It is cut off from the surface water , so no oxygenated surface water can be mixed into the lower water layer.

This is why, even though the bottom water is cooler than the top, it holds less oxygen. Once most of the oxygen becomes depleted, the non-oxygen-needing bacteria take over. As they breakdown organic material, they release hydrogen sulfide. Over time, hydrogen sulfide builds up in the lower water layer and it is trapped as long as the pond remains stagnant.

Pond and lake odors take over in stagnant and stratified water

In stratified ponds, that layer of stinky water stays locked up at the bottom, becoming more saturated with hydrogen sulfide. As the warm summer gives way to cooler fall temperatures, the surface water cools, its density increases, and it starts to sink to the bottom of the pond. This mixing cycle, referred to as turnover, forces the water at the bottom of the pond up.

The mixing of the surface and lower waters causes the release of the once trapped hydrogen sulfide and results in a mass emission of very foul gas and an unpleasant October surprise. In addition to the foul smell, this mixing can also cause fish kills, algae blooms and other problems.

How you can avoid the problem – properly sized aeration !

The best way to avoid the problems associated with seasonal turnover is to prevent your pond from stratifying in the first place by encouraging consistent water mixing all year round. While the water of shallow ponds can be mixed just by wind action, deeper ponds may need some help to get the job done. Many people use artificial methods to help with water circulation. The most common of which is aeration.

What exactly is Aeration and how does it control pond and lake odors?

Aeration refers to the pumping of pressurized air into a pond at strategic points, which forces the water in the pond to circulate. Constant circulation prevents stratification and eliminates the buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the hypolimnion. A properly sized aeration system also consistently forces oxygen-rich surface water to circulate throughout the pond, which results in an even distribution of oxygen throughout the water column. This oxygen rich environment favors the growth of aerobic bacteria and makes it possible for them to consistently breakdown organic matter without the risk of running out of oxygen. As long as circulation continues, oxygen will remain available, anaerobic bacteria will remain at bay and there will be no rotten egg odor.

Enjoy Being Around Your Pond or Lake Again

About Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant
Dr. La Hée conducts research on urban aquatic ecology. The primary focus of her research is the use of sustainable management techniques for restoring impaired lakes and ponds. Dr. La Hée spent three years running lake aeration studies on multiple lakes throughout Florida. Additionally, she developed the lake assessment and monitoring protocols. In addition to research, Dr. La Hée conducts teaching and training sessions for lake management groups. She has presented research at conferences including the North America Lake Management Society and the Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Mosquitoes and midge flies are among the most annoying insects on the planet. Throughout the warmer months they seem to be everywhere, constantly buzzing in our ears and ruining our outdoor activities. Midge flies are non-biting insects known by many common names including blind mosquito and fuzzy bill. They do not bite, suck blood, or carry disease like true mosquitoes do. This makes midges more of a nuisance than mosquitoes, which can carry deadly diseases like West Nile and Zika.

Both midge flies and mosquitoes begin their life as an aquatic organism. Females deposit their eggs in low oxygen, murky, stagnant water found in ponds and lakes with low water quality. A female can mate multiple times in her lifespan and may lay 100-200 total eggs. They fly over the water and drop eggs, which develop into larvae in a few days to weeks.

Adult mosquitoes and midge flies spend their adult life flying around, relocating, and breeding, but only female mosquitoes bite as they need the protein rich blood meal for egg development. It may seem almost impossible to control these insects; but there are effective, natural, and environmentally sound solutions to reduce their numbers.

Since these pests start their life in water, it is easier to eliminate them before they become adults. For long term control, you need to improve the water quality of the lake. As lakes age, many develop layers of organic bottom muck that dramatically lowers dissolved oxygen levels. Low quality water favors growth of larvae while preventing fish and other insect predators from feeding on them.

Control Mosquitoes and Midges Where They Breed

There are three good options that used individually or together can greatly reduce these insect populations:

1. Shoreline buffer zones: In addition to reducing the amount of muddy sediments, a beneficial buffer provides habitat for dragonflies. Both the dragonfly larvae and adults are predators and make mosquitoes a primary meal. A single dragonfly can consume 30-100 mosquitoes a day.
2. Stock fish that feed on the insect larvae: Another way to cut down on your pond’s mosquito and midge fly population is by stocking certain fish that feed on the larvae.  Combining fish stocking with a beneficial buffer will also provide habitat for the fish, giving them a place to escape from predators and potentially reproduce. It is always good advice to consult with a lake and pond management company before stocking any fish. They will be current on the fish stocking laws in your area.
3. Pond and lake aeration: midge flies and mosquito larvae flourish in stagnant water with low oxygen. A bottom diffused aeration system fills the entire water column with oxygen that combats these pests by making it difficult for the larvae to thrive, increasing beneficial bacteria that speeds up decomposition which can result in less sediment and keeps the water moving. The females typically do not try to lay their eggs on moving water.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of sustainable solutions to help reduce and control mosquitoes and midge flies and the place to start is by improving water quality.

Get Help for Your Pest Problems Today

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Golf course ponds and lakes suffer from many common problems that are often made more difficult when maintaining turf to the highest standards.  Nutrient over-enrichment from constant fertilization of turf promotes the growth of algae blooms. These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some blooms produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases.

Control nutrients that cause algae in golf course ponds

In addition to the nutrients that wash in from the surface, when oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen release upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate algae. The oxygenation process induced by aeration moderates nutrients from lake sediments.

Adding oxygen reduces algae in golf course ponds

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of algae blooms is to pump air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate algae growth. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

This Vertex  aeration installation done by the professionals at SOLitude Lake Management in the Town of Eastham, MA is phase two of a larger project that includes Hydro-Raking and Alum treatment in Eastham, MA. Mike Didier of SOLitude was interviewed by Jane Crowley from the Eastham Health Department.

SOLitude Lake Management
www.solitudelakemanagement.com
(508) 885-0101
590 Lake St.
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Contact Dealer by Email →

Does your pond or lake need more oxygen?

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Nutrient over-enrichment of waters by urban, agricultural, and industrial development has promoted the growth of cyanobacteria as harmful algae blooms (HABs). These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some cyanobacteria produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases. Harmful algae blooms threaten waterbodies around the world.

When lakes become stagnant and stratify, cyanobacteria can begin to proliferate causing HABs to occur. Cyanobacteria have a competitive advantage in stratified lakes. Many can move themselves up and down the water column to access light for photosynthesis. This movement allows them to out-compete other groups of algae, especially diatoms, which tend to sink more rapidly from their heavy outer shells. Breaking stratification by circulating and mixing the water “levels the playing field” for other more desirable groups of algae to become established. Mixing the water column can prevent cyanobacteria from reaching harmful bloom levels.

Adding Oxygen Reduces Algae Growth Over Time

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of HABs is to pump compressed air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

Control nutrients that cause harmful algae to bloom

When oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen are released upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate HABs. The oxygenation process that is induced by aeration can moderate nutrients being released from lake sediments.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate an HAB and/or cause a fish kill. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. As an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager, he is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology including nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Why should you use science when managing lakes? You might have heard the saying; lake management is 90% art and 10% science. There seems to be a lot of truth to this statement. Many decisions and recommendations for lakes and ponds are made by intuition, prior experience, or observations rather than hard science.

The best lake management decisions use scientific data

The framework that allows scientists to make good decisions, is known as data driven decision making (DDDM). DDDM is a process of developing decisions and goals. These goals are reinforced by hard data rather than surface-level observation or intuition.

The more we follow the DDDM process in lake management, the more confident our decision will be. The lake management industry has come a long way in developing diagnostics that directly improve decision making. Like every other science, all lake management decisions can be tied back to data. The two approaches have largely different management plans to treat a lake said to contain harmful algae blooms (HAB’s).

Artistic – start throwing restoration tools (i.e., algaecides, aeration, bacteria, alum, etc.) at the lake until the lake manager observed some level of “success.”

DDDM

• Collect data to determine what the major factors are causing the HABs
• Determine which restoration tool(s) would be most effective to address those causes both short and long-term
• Set quantifiable goals
• Implement a restoration plan
• Monitor and adapt the plan when called for

Both approaches can theoretically solve the HAB issue at hand. However, the artistic approach has more risk because the tools used may or may not work. Because the decision is based on data, the DDDM approach has far less risk.

Everyone Wants Value for Their Money

When the artistic approach works, the cost is relatively lower. But, when it doesn’t work, money is wasted and clients feel betrayed and move on.

No doubt about it, the DDDM approach costs more on the front end and takes a bit longer to determine the best solutions. But it is important to keep in mind that the DDDM is just a process not a set procedure.

The level of DDDM, and therefore the cost depends on

• The amount of data that should be collected
• The analytical process required to finalize a resolution

Lake and Pond Data Science Experts on Demand

A certified, trained, and experienced individual consultant or consulting team is not needed for every pond or lake. But for difficult to manage waterbodies it makes a huge difference on your ability to get and keep long-term clients. Any data collected for decision making should have a clear management purpose or bring direct management utility. If you don’t have the means to retain an expert on staff, you have the option to hire ours as needed. Our lake management research specialists will know exactly what data should be collected to address the issue at hand and be able to work with you to stay within the client’s budget.

In the end, solutions that bring high level results without wasting money or time fosters long-term client relationships. That should be the goal of every lake manager.

Talk with our experts to learn more

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. Patrick is an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager. He is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology. His specialties include nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Dock de-icing is important for property owners with ponds or lakes that freeze in the winter. Docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage when the water is not kept open. Just because there may have been a mild winter occasionally in recent years, doesn’t mean there will be one this year.

Why Dock De-icing Matters

As surface waters freeze around docks and boats, concerned owners begin to worry and wonder if they will be lucky again this year. Don’t leave the chance of severe ice damage to your boat or dock to Mother Nature. Prevent it!

Ice has a tendency to shift over the course of the season. Shifting ice around your dock or boat can cause a few different types of damage.

Jacking/lifting damage
When water levels below the ice fluctuate it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen, or even completely remove even deep set pilings.

Expansion Damage
Ice as it thickens as it expands outward. This can cause damage by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart and damaging the dock. Ice damage to docks and boats is expensive to repair.

As temperatures start to significantly cool off in the fall, you should start to consider the options available to you for the winter months.

The choice is yours to protect your dock or boat:

• Do nothing and hope for the best
• Put your boat into dry storage and remove your dock from the water (if you have somewhere to put them) which can be extremely expensive
• De-ice the water around the boat and/or dock by installing a Vertex winter aeration system.

Rapid and severe cold snaps can happen without much warning at all, and cause your pond or lake to freeze over much sooner than anticipated. It is always better to be prepared, and much easier to install a system before it gets too cold.

Get an Aeration System Installed Now.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

As a pond or lake freezes, a winter fish kill can happen as diffusion of oxygen from the air above is cut off. If snow builds up on the ice, or the ice becomes hazy, light can’t penetrate the ice. This cuts off the production of oxygen by plants as well. Bacteria consume oxygen as they break down dying plants. Then fish consume more oxygen and the lake or pond is in trouble causing more fish to die.

Aeration Prevents Winter Fish Kills

In winter months, non-aerated ponds exhibit a type of reverse-stratification in their water column. The water is warmer, and slightly denser at the bottom. A Vertex winter pond aeration system brings warmer water to the surface to melt a hole in the ice. Open areas of water increase oxygen levels to prevent a winter fish kill. The hole size depends on several factors including, but not limited to, air temperature, depth and number of diffusers, and amount of airflow.

Where do I install the AirStations?

In the winter water is warmer closer to the bottom, this is where the fish will generally seek refuge from the extreme cold. It is important to locate the diffusers in an area where water depth is not at its deepest (~4′) to prevent rapid “super-cooling”. Super cooled water leads to fish kills. Place your diffusers in shallower water to preserve this deeper, warmer, safe haven for your fish while still opening a hole for gas exchange.

Prevent Winter Fish Kills

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Not everyone thinks about the benefits of pond and lake aeration in the fall. But, healthy waterbodies need proper levels of oxygen and circulation throughout the entire year. Installing a pond aeration system now can help prevent common water quality problems from occurring in the coming winter and spring months. Our top 5 reasons for introducing a Vertex bottom-diffused aeration system in your lake or pond this fall season are:

1. Prevent nutrient pollution

   

   Leaves on the trees turn beautiful colors in autumn, but they often fill our lakes and ponds as they fall. As the organic materials break down, they create undesirable muck and sediment composed of excess nutrients. In turn, this process contributes to the development of poor water quality conditions, bad odors and algae blooms – some of which can contain toxins. Introducing oxygen with bottom diffused aerators can help prevent these conditions. Dissolved oxygen helps create balanced water quality conditions that are less likely to fuel nuisance algae and other problems. When used consistently, aeration can help maintain balanced water quality year-round.

2. Help prevent winter fish kills

   As the days grow shorter, algae and plants that rely on photosynthesis begin producing less oxygen. And when a lake or pond freezes, sunlight and the diffusion of oxygen from the air above are cut off. This creates “layers” of varying temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish require dissolved oxygen to survive, and as these levels drop fish kills are more likely to occur. Aeration systems help circulate oxygen-rich water, reduce layers devoid of oxygen and prevent ice formation, minimizing the risk of winter fish kills. Proper placement of these systems is crucial, so it’s important to consult with a lake and pond management professional.

3. Keep ice open for waterfowl and other wildlife

   When aeration disrupts the formation of ice, it will allow for more open water to attract waterfowl and other wildlife, breaking up the sometimes bleakness of winter and breathing moments of life back into the season. These open areas of water also serve as an escape path for bursts of toxic gases from the anoxic sediment below, which would otherwise be trapped under the ice. While this is important for all lakes and ponds, shallow ponds often benefit the most.

4. Protect docks from ice damage

   When temperatures drop low enough to freeze over lakes and ponds, docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage. Ice can shift over the course of the season, resulting in:

   • Expensive Expansion Damage: Ice thickens as it expands outward. This can damage the dock by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart.
   • Jacking/lifting damage: When water levels below the ice fluctuate, it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen or completely remove even the deepest set pilings.

5. Maintain balanced water quality in warmer climates

   Not all regions are impacted by freezing temperatures in the fall and winter. Warmer climates often experience drier weather that leads to evaporation and the concentration of nutrients in the water column. Introducing oxygen and circulation will help keep the water quality in balance.

Every pond has individual needs. Your local lake and pond management professionals can help you identify the best aeration solution for your particular waterbody.

Get Aeration Before Fall Turns to Winter

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Tri-County Aquatics, a Vertex Dealer for 20 years installed a Large Lake 22 CFM cabinet with eight XL5 AirStations in a large pond in Michigan. This aeration system was a replacement for an old four cabinet system that was unreliable, inconsistent, loud, expensive and unsightly. And talk about fast, their team installed the Vertex system in just three hours. The homeowners are very happy to have their ponds’ water quality under control. Our Aeration specialist Sue Pinagel, shown in the boat below took photos and spent quality time with the whole team.

If you’re in Michigan and need lake management contact

Tri-County Aquatics
(586) 786-6234
tricountyaquatics.com
56824 Mound Road
Shelby Township, MI 48316

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Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Properly Sized Aeration Eliminates the Rotten Egg Reek

-By Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant

Have you noticed pond or lake odors that smell like rotten eggs? When there is plenty of oxygen in your pond either naturally or from a properly sized aeration system, anaerobic bacteria will step in and breakdown the organic material. But, as they do it, they will give off hydrogen sulfide, the cause of the smell.

You’ll breathe easier when your lake can breathe too

Temperature, water depth and water circulation all affect the oxygen levels in a pond. In general, wind blowing over the surface of the pond will circulate and mix the water in shallow ponds. This circulates oxygen throughout the whole pond. Also, oxygen producing organisms (e.g. plants or algae) in the water can supply the pond with significant amounts of oxygen. Oxygen throughout the whole pond means aerobic bacteria can effectively breakdown organic matter so there are no pond or lake odors.

Deeper ponds are much different. If a pond is deep enough, it can have distinct layers of water. Temperature changes drive the division of water layers called stratification.

In a summer stratified pond, there are at least two distinct water layers

The top water layer has warmer water, more light, and less organic matter than the bottom layer. Although the water in the top layer is warm and holds less oxygen, the smaller amounts of organic matter mean less oxygen is being used up by bacteria working to breakdown this material. In addition, the oxygen levels in this water layer remain high because they are constantly replenished by

• Absorption of oxygen from the air directly above the pond
• The oxygen produced by plants and algae as they photosynthesize.

If oxygen levels remain high, then oxygen-needing bacteria dominate, and in the absence of non-oxygen-needing bacteria, there is no buildup of hydrogen sulfide and so there is no odor.

The bottom layer of water is cooler and darker than the surface and sits above the sediment, which is where most of the organic matter lies. Oxygen-needing bacteria in the bottom layer work to breakdown organic matter. They use up the available oxygen quickly and no more oxygen can be added to this layer because:

• It is too dark for plants or algae to photosynthesize and produce more oxygen
• It is cut off from the surface water , so no oxygenated surface water can be mixed into the lower water layer.

This is why, even though the bottom water is cooler than the top, it holds less oxygen. Once most of the oxygen becomes depleted, the non-oxygen-needing bacteria take over. As they breakdown organic material, they release hydrogen sulfide. Over time, hydrogen sulfide builds up in the lower water layer and it is trapped as long as the pond remains stagnant.

Pond and lake odors take over in stagnant and stratified water

In stratified ponds, that layer of stinky water stays locked up at the bottom, becoming more saturated with hydrogen sulfide. As the warm summer gives way to cooler fall temperatures, the surface water cools, its density increases, and it starts to sink to the bottom of the pond. This mixing cycle, referred to as turnover, forces the water at the bottom of the pond up.

The mixing of the surface and lower waters causes the release of the once trapped hydrogen sulfide and results in a mass emission of very foul gas and an unpleasant October surprise. In addition to the foul smell, this mixing can also cause fish kills, algae blooms and other problems.

How you can avoid the problem – properly sized aeration !

The best way to avoid the problems associated with seasonal turnover is to prevent your pond from stratifying in the first place by encouraging consistent water mixing all year round. While the water of shallow ponds can be mixed just by wind action, deeper ponds may need some help to get the job done. Many people use artificial methods to help with water circulation. The most common of which is aeration.

What exactly is Aeration and how does it control pond and lake odors?

Aeration refers to the pumping of pressurized air into a pond at strategic points, which forces the water in the pond to circulate. Constant circulation prevents stratification and eliminates the buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the hypolimnion. A properly sized aeration system also consistently forces oxygen-rich surface water to circulate throughout the pond, which results in an even distribution of oxygen throughout the water column. This oxygen rich environment favors the growth of aerobic bacteria and makes it possible for them to consistently breakdown organic matter without the risk of running out of oxygen. As long as circulation continues, oxygen will remain available, anaerobic bacteria will remain at bay and there will be no rotten egg odor.

Enjoy Being Around Your Pond or Lake Again

About Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant
Dr. La Hée conducts research on urban aquatic ecology. The primary focus of her research is the use of sustainable management techniques for restoring impaired lakes and ponds. Dr. La Hée spent three years running lake aeration studies on multiple lakes throughout Florida. Additionally, she developed the lake assessment and monitoring protocols. In addition to research, Dr. La Hée conducts teaching and training sessions for lake management groups. She has presented research at conferences including the North America Lake Management Society and the Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Mosquitoes and midge flies are among the most annoying insects on the planet. Throughout the warmer months they seem to be everywhere, constantly buzzing in our ears and ruining our outdoor activities. Midge flies are non-biting insects known by many common names including blind mosquito and fuzzy bill. They do not bite, suck blood, or carry disease like true mosquitoes do. This makes midges more of a nuisance than mosquitoes, which can carry deadly diseases like West Nile and Zika.

Both midge flies and mosquitoes begin their life as an aquatic organism. Females deposit their eggs in low oxygen, murky, stagnant water found in ponds and lakes with low water quality. A female can mate multiple times in her lifespan and may lay 100-200 total eggs. They fly over the water and drop eggs, which develop into larvae in a few days to weeks.

Adult mosquitoes and midge flies spend their adult life flying around, relocating, and breeding, but only female mosquitoes bite as they need the protein rich blood meal for egg development. It may seem almost impossible to control these insects; but there are effective, natural, and environmentally sound solutions to reduce their numbers.

Since these pests start their life in water, it is easier to eliminate them before they become adults. For long term control, you need to improve the water quality of the lake. As lakes age, many develop layers of organic bottom muck that dramatically lowers dissolved oxygen levels. Low quality water favors growth of larvae while preventing fish and other insect predators from feeding on them.

Control Mosquitoes and Midges Where They Breed

There are three good options that used individually or together can greatly reduce these insect populations:

1. Shoreline buffer zones: In addition to reducing the amount of muddy sediments, a beneficial buffer provides habitat for dragonflies. Both the dragonfly larvae and adults are predators and make mosquitoes a primary meal. A single dragonfly can consume 30-100 mosquitoes a day.
2. Stock fish that feed on the insect larvae: Another way to cut down on your pond’s mosquito and midge fly population is by stocking certain fish that feed on the larvae.  Combining fish stocking with a beneficial buffer will also provide habitat for the fish, giving them a place to escape from predators and potentially reproduce. It is always good advice to consult with a lake and pond management company before stocking any fish. They will be current on the fish stocking laws in your area.
3. Pond and lake aeration: midge flies and mosquito larvae flourish in stagnant water with low oxygen. A bottom diffused aeration system fills the entire water column with oxygen that combats these pests by making it difficult for the larvae to thrive, increasing beneficial bacteria that speeds up decomposition which can result in less sediment and keeps the water moving. The females typically do not try to lay their eggs on moving water.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of sustainable solutions to help reduce and control mosquitoes and midge flies and the place to start is by improving water quality.

Get Help for Your Pest Problems Today

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Golf course ponds and lakes suffer from many common problems that are often made more difficult when maintaining turf to the highest standards.  Nutrient over-enrichment from constant fertilization of turf promotes the growth of algae blooms. These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some blooms produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases.

Control nutrients that cause algae in golf course ponds

In addition to the nutrients that wash in from the surface, when oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen release upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate algae. The oxygenation process induced by aeration moderates nutrients from lake sediments.

Adding oxygen reduces algae in golf course ponds

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of algae blooms is to pump air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate algae growth. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

This Vertex  aeration installation done by the professionals at SOLitude Lake Management in the Town of Eastham, MA is phase two of a larger project that includes Hydro-Raking and Alum treatment in Eastham, MA. Mike Didier of SOLitude was interviewed by Jane Crowley from the Eastham Health Department.

SOLitude Lake Management
www.solitudelakemanagement.com
(508) 885-0101
590 Lake St.
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
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Does your pond or lake need more oxygen?

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Nutrient over-enrichment of waters by urban, agricultural, and industrial development has promoted the growth of cyanobacteria as harmful algae blooms (HABs). These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some cyanobacteria produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases. Harmful algae blooms threaten waterbodies around the world.

When lakes become stagnant and stratify, cyanobacteria can begin to proliferate causing HABs to occur. Cyanobacteria have a competitive advantage in stratified lakes. Many can move themselves up and down the water column to access light for photosynthesis. This movement allows them to out-compete other groups of algae, especially diatoms, which tend to sink more rapidly from their heavy outer shells. Breaking stratification by circulating and mixing the water “levels the playing field” for other more desirable groups of algae to become established. Mixing the water column can prevent cyanobacteria from reaching harmful bloom levels.

Adding Oxygen Reduces Algae Growth Over Time

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of HABs is to pump compressed air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

Control nutrients that cause harmful algae to bloom

When oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen are released upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate HABs. The oxygenation process that is induced by aeration can moderate nutrients being released from lake sediments.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate an HAB and/or cause a fish kill. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. As an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager, he is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology including nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Why should you use science when managing lakes? You might have heard the saying; lake management is 90% art and 10% science. There seems to be a lot of truth to this statement. Many decisions and recommendations for lakes and ponds are made by intuition, prior experience, or observations rather than hard science.

The best lake management decisions use scientific data

The framework that allows scientists to make good decisions, is known as data driven decision making (DDDM). DDDM is a process of developing decisions and goals. These goals are reinforced by hard data rather than surface-level observation or intuition.

The more we follow the DDDM process in lake management, the more confident our decision will be. The lake management industry has come a long way in developing diagnostics that directly improve decision making. Like every other science, all lake management decisions can be tied back to data. The two approaches have largely different management plans to treat a lake said to contain harmful algae blooms (HAB’s).

Artistic – start throwing restoration tools (i.e., algaecides, aeration, bacteria, alum, etc.) at the lake until the lake manager observed some level of “success.”

DDDM

• Collect data to determine what the major factors are causing the HABs
• Determine which restoration tool(s) would be most effective to address those causes both short and long-term
• Set quantifiable goals
• Implement a restoration plan
• Monitor and adapt the plan when called for

Both approaches can theoretically solve the HAB issue at hand. However, the artistic approach has more risk because the tools used may or may not work. Because the decision is based on data, the DDDM approach has far less risk.

Everyone Wants Value for Their Money

When the artistic approach works, the cost is relatively lower. But, when it doesn’t work, money is wasted and clients feel betrayed and move on.

No doubt about it, the DDDM approach costs more on the front end and takes a bit longer to determine the best solutions. But it is important to keep in mind that the DDDM is just a process not a set procedure.

The level of DDDM, and therefore the cost depends on

• The amount of data that should be collected
• The analytical process required to finalize a resolution

Lake and Pond Data Science Experts on Demand

A certified, trained, and experienced individual consultant or consulting team is not needed for every pond or lake. But for difficult to manage waterbodies it makes a huge difference on your ability to get and keep long-term clients. Any data collected for decision making should have a clear management purpose or bring direct management utility. If you don’t have the means to retain an expert on staff, you have the option to hire ours as needed. Our lake management research specialists will know exactly what data should be collected to address the issue at hand and be able to work with you to stay within the client’s budget.

In the end, solutions that bring high level results without wasting money or time fosters long-term client relationships. That should be the goal of every lake manager.

Talk with our experts to learn more

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. Patrick is an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager. He is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology. His specialties include nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Dock de-icing is important for property owners with ponds or lakes that freeze in the winter. Docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage when the water is not kept open. Just because there may have been a mild winter occasionally in recent years, doesn’t mean there will be one this year.

Why Dock De-icing Matters

As surface waters freeze around docks and boats, concerned owners begin to worry and wonder if they will be lucky again this year. Don’t leave the chance of severe ice damage to your boat or dock to Mother Nature. Prevent it!

Ice has a tendency to shift over the course of the season. Shifting ice around your dock or boat can cause a few different types of damage.

Jacking/lifting damage
When water levels below the ice fluctuate it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen, or even completely remove even deep set pilings.

Expansion Damage
Ice as it thickens as it expands outward. This can cause damage by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart and damaging the dock. Ice damage to docks and boats is expensive to repair.

As temperatures start to significantly cool off in the fall, you should start to consider the options available to you for the winter months.

The choice is yours to protect your dock or boat:

• Do nothing and hope for the best
• Put your boat into dry storage and remove your dock from the water (if you have somewhere to put them) which can be extremely expensive
• De-ice the water around the boat and/or dock by installing a Vertex winter aeration system.

Rapid and severe cold snaps can happen without much warning at all, and cause your pond or lake to freeze over much sooner than anticipated. It is always better to be prepared, and much easier to install a system before it gets too cold.

Get an Aeration System Installed Now.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

As a pond or lake freezes, a winter fish kill can happen as diffusion of oxygen from the air above is cut off. If snow builds up on the ice, or the ice becomes hazy, light can’t penetrate the ice. This cuts off the production of oxygen by plants as well. Bacteria consume oxygen as they break down dying plants. Then fish consume more oxygen and the lake or pond is in trouble causing more fish to die.

Aeration Prevents Winter Fish Kills

In winter months, non-aerated ponds exhibit a type of reverse-stratification in their water column. The water is warmer, and slightly denser at the bottom. A Vertex winter pond aeration system brings warmer water to the surface to melt a hole in the ice. Open areas of water increase oxygen levels to prevent a winter fish kill. The hole size depends on several factors including, but not limited to, air temperature, depth and number of diffusers, and amount of airflow.

Where do I install the AirStations?

In the winter water is warmer closer to the bottom, this is where the fish will generally seek refuge from the extreme cold. It is important to locate the diffusers in an area where water depth is not at its deepest (~4′) to prevent rapid “super-cooling”. Super cooled water leads to fish kills. Place your diffusers in shallower water to preserve this deeper, warmer, safe haven for your fish while still opening a hole for gas exchange.

Prevent Winter Fish Kills

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Not everyone thinks about the benefits of pond and lake aeration in the fall. But, healthy waterbodies need proper levels of oxygen and circulation throughout the entire year. Installing a pond aeration system now can help prevent common water quality problems from occurring in the coming winter and spring months. Our top 5 reasons for introducing a Vertex bottom-diffused aeration system in your lake or pond this fall season are:

1. Prevent nutrient pollution

   

   Leaves on the trees turn beautiful colors in autumn, but they often fill our lakes and ponds as they fall. As the organic materials break down, they create undesirable muck and sediment composed of excess nutrients. In turn, this process contributes to the development of poor water quality conditions, bad odors and algae blooms – some of which can contain toxins. Introducing oxygen with bottom diffused aerators can help prevent these conditions. Dissolved oxygen helps create balanced water quality conditions that are less likely to fuel nuisance algae and other problems. When used consistently, aeration can help maintain balanced water quality year-round.

2. Help prevent winter fish kills

   As the days grow shorter, algae and plants that rely on photosynthesis begin producing less oxygen. And when a lake or pond freezes, sunlight and the diffusion of oxygen from the air above are cut off. This creates “layers” of varying temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish require dissolved oxygen to survive, and as these levels drop fish kills are more likely to occur. Aeration systems help circulate oxygen-rich water, reduce layers devoid of oxygen and prevent ice formation, minimizing the risk of winter fish kills. Proper placement of these systems is crucial, so it’s important to consult with a lake and pond management professional.

3. Keep ice open for waterfowl and other wildlife

   When aeration disrupts the formation of ice, it will allow for more open water to attract waterfowl and other wildlife, breaking up the sometimes bleakness of winter and breathing moments of life back into the season. These open areas of water also serve as an escape path for bursts of toxic gases from the anoxic sediment below, which would otherwise be trapped under the ice. While this is important for all lakes and ponds, shallow ponds often benefit the most.

4. Protect docks from ice damage

   When temperatures drop low enough to freeze over lakes and ponds, docks and boats face the real possibility of severe ice damage. Ice can shift over the course of the season, resulting in:

   • Expensive Expansion Damage: Ice thickens as it expands outward. This can damage the dock by exerting high amounts of pressure between neighboring pilings, forcing them further apart.
   • Jacking/lifting damage: When water levels below the ice fluctuate, it pushes the ice that has attached to your boat or dock upward. This upward movement can loosen or completely remove even the deepest set pilings.

5. Maintain balanced water quality in warmer climates

   Not all regions are impacted by freezing temperatures in the fall and winter. Warmer climates often experience drier weather that leads to evaporation and the concentration of nutrients in the water column. Introducing oxygen and circulation will help keep the water quality in balance.

Every pond has individual needs. Your local lake and pond management professionals can help you identify the best aeration solution for your particular waterbody.

Get Aeration Before Fall Turns to Winter

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Tri-County Aquatics, a Vertex Dealer for 20 years installed a Large Lake 22 CFM cabinet with eight XL5 AirStations in a large pond in Michigan. This aeration system was a replacement for an old four cabinet system that was unreliable, inconsistent, loud, expensive and unsightly. And talk about fast, their team installed the Vertex system in just three hours. The homeowners are very happy to have their ponds’ water quality under control. Our Aeration specialist Sue Pinagel, shown in the boat below took photos and spent quality time with the whole team.

If you’re in Michigan and need lake management contact

Tri-County Aquatics
(586) 786-6234
tricountyaquatics.com
56824 Mound Road
Shelby Township, MI 48316

Contact Dealer by Email →

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Properly Sized Aeration Eliminates the Rotten Egg Reek

-By Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant

Have you noticed pond or lake odors that smell like rotten eggs? When there is plenty of oxygen in your pond either naturally or from a properly sized aeration system, anaerobic bacteria will step in and breakdown the organic material. But, as they do it, they will give off hydrogen sulfide, the cause of the smell.

You’ll breathe easier when your lake can breathe too

Temperature, water depth and water circulation all affect the oxygen levels in a pond. In general, wind blowing over the surface of the pond will circulate and mix the water in shallow ponds. This circulates oxygen throughout the whole pond. Also, oxygen producing organisms (e.g. plants or algae) in the water can supply the pond with significant amounts of oxygen. Oxygen throughout the whole pond means aerobic bacteria can effectively breakdown organic matter so there are no pond or lake odors.

Deeper ponds are much different. If a pond is deep enough, it can have distinct layers of water. Temperature changes drive the division of water layers called stratification.

In a summer stratified pond, there are at least two distinct water layers

The top water layer has warmer water, more light, and less organic matter than the bottom layer. Although the water in the top layer is warm and holds less oxygen, the smaller amounts of organic matter mean less oxygen is being used up by bacteria working to breakdown this material. In addition, the oxygen levels in this water layer remain high because they are constantly replenished by

• Absorption of oxygen from the air directly above the pond
• The oxygen produced by plants and algae as they photosynthesize.

If oxygen levels remain high, then oxygen-needing bacteria dominate, and in the absence of non-oxygen-needing bacteria, there is no buildup of hydrogen sulfide and so there is no odor.

The bottom layer of water is cooler and darker than the surface and sits above the sediment, which is where most of the organic matter lies. Oxygen-needing bacteria in the bottom layer work to breakdown organic matter. They use up the available oxygen quickly and no more oxygen can be added to this layer because:

• It is too dark for plants or algae to photosynthesize and produce more oxygen
• It is cut off from the surface water , so no oxygenated surface water can be mixed into the lower water layer.

This is why, even though the bottom water is cooler than the top, it holds less oxygen. Once most of the oxygen becomes depleted, the non-oxygen-needing bacteria take over. As they breakdown organic material, they release hydrogen sulfide. Over time, hydrogen sulfide builds up in the lower water layer and it is trapped as long as the pond remains stagnant.

Pond and lake odors take over in stagnant and stratified water

In stratified ponds, that layer of stinky water stays locked up at the bottom, becoming more saturated with hydrogen sulfide. As the warm summer gives way to cooler fall temperatures, the surface water cools, its density increases, and it starts to sink to the bottom of the pond. This mixing cycle, referred to as turnover, forces the water at the bottom of the pond up.

The mixing of the surface and lower waters causes the release of the once trapped hydrogen sulfide and results in a mass emission of very foul gas and an unpleasant October surprise. In addition to the foul smell, this mixing can also cause fish kills, algae blooms and other problems.

How you can avoid the problem – properly sized aeration !

The best way to avoid the problems associated with seasonal turnover is to prevent your pond from stratifying in the first place by encouraging consistent water mixing all year round. While the water of shallow ponds can be mixed just by wind action, deeper ponds may need some help to get the job done. Many people use artificial methods to help with water circulation. The most common of which is aeration.

What exactly is Aeration and how does it control pond and lake odors?

Aeration refers to the pumping of pressurized air into a pond at strategic points, which forces the water in the pond to circulate. Constant circulation prevents stratification and eliminates the buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the hypolimnion. A properly sized aeration system also consistently forces oxygen-rich surface water to circulate throughout the pond, which results in an even distribution of oxygen throughout the water column. This oxygen rich environment favors the growth of aerobic bacteria and makes it possible for them to consistently breakdown organic matter without the risk of running out of oxygen. As long as circulation continues, oxygen will remain available, anaerobic bacteria will remain at bay and there will be no rotten egg odor.

Enjoy Being Around Your Pond or Lake Again

About Dr. Josette La Hée, Senior Environmental Research Consultant
Dr. La Hée conducts research on urban aquatic ecology. The primary focus of her research is the use of sustainable management techniques for restoring impaired lakes and ponds. Dr. La Hée spent three years running lake aeration studies on multiple lakes throughout Florida. Additionally, she developed the lake assessment and monitoring protocols. In addition to research, Dr. La Hée conducts teaching and training sessions for lake management groups. She has presented research at conferences including the North America Lake Management Society and the Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Mosquitoes and midge flies are among the most annoying insects on the planet. Throughout the warmer months they seem to be everywhere, constantly buzzing in our ears and ruining our outdoor activities. Midge flies are non-biting insects known by many common names including blind mosquito and fuzzy bill. They do not bite, suck blood, or carry disease like true mosquitoes do. This makes midges more of a nuisance than mosquitoes, which can carry deadly diseases like West Nile and Zika.

Both midge flies and mosquitoes begin their life as an aquatic organism. Females deposit their eggs in low oxygen, murky, stagnant water found in ponds and lakes with low water quality. A female can mate multiple times in her lifespan and may lay 100-200 total eggs. They fly over the water and drop eggs, which develop into larvae in a few days to weeks.

Adult mosquitoes and midge flies spend their adult life flying around, relocating, and breeding, but only female mosquitoes bite as they need the protein rich blood meal for egg development. It may seem almost impossible to control these insects; but there are effective, natural, and environmentally sound solutions to reduce their numbers.

Since these pests start their life in water, it is easier to eliminate them before they become adults. For long term control, you need to improve the water quality of the lake. As lakes age, many develop layers of organic bottom muck that dramatically lowers dissolved oxygen levels. Low quality water favors growth of larvae while preventing fish and other insect predators from feeding on them.

Control Mosquitoes and Midges Where They Breed

There are three good options that used individually or together can greatly reduce these insect populations:

1. Shoreline buffer zones: In addition to reducing the amount of muddy sediments, a beneficial buffer provides habitat for dragonflies. Both the dragonfly larvae and adults are predators and make mosquitoes a primary meal. A single dragonfly can consume 30-100 mosquitoes a day.
2. Stock fish that feed on the insect larvae: Another way to cut down on your pond’s mosquito and midge fly population is by stocking certain fish that feed on the larvae.  Combining fish stocking with a beneficial buffer will also provide habitat for the fish, giving them a place to escape from predators and potentially reproduce. It is always good advice to consult with a lake and pond management company before stocking any fish. They will be current on the fish stocking laws in your area.
3. Pond and lake aeration: midge flies and mosquito larvae flourish in stagnant water with low oxygen. A bottom diffused aeration system fills the entire water column with oxygen that combats these pests by making it difficult for the larvae to thrive, increasing beneficial bacteria that speeds up decomposition which can result in less sediment and keeps the water moving. The females typically do not try to lay their eggs on moving water.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of sustainable solutions to help reduce and control mosquitoes and midge flies and the place to start is by improving water quality.

Get Help for Your Pest Problems Today

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

Golf course ponds and lakes suffer from many common problems that are often made more difficult when maintaining turf to the highest standards.  Nutrient over-enrichment from constant fertilization of turf promotes the growth of algae blooms. These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some blooms produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases.

Control nutrients that cause algae in golf course ponds

In addition to the nutrients that wash in from the surface, when oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen release upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate algae. The oxygenation process induced by aeration moderates nutrients from lake sediments.

Adding oxygen reduces algae in golf course ponds

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of algae blooms is to pump air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

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The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate algae growth. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

This Vertex  aeration installation done by the professionals at SOLitude Lake Management in the Town of Eastham, MA is phase two of a larger project that includes Hydro-Raking and Alum treatment in Eastham, MA. Mike Didier of SOLitude was interviewed by Jane Crowley from the Eastham Health Department.

SOLitude Lake Management
www.solitudelakemanagement.com
(508) 885-0101
590 Lake St.
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
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Does your pond or lake need more oxygen?

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.

By Patrick Goodwin, Certified Lake Manager and Aquatic Research Scientist

Nutrient over-enrichment of waters by urban, agricultural, and industrial development has promoted the growth of cyanobacteria as harmful algae blooms (HABs). These blooms increase the turbidity of waterbodies which can smother aquatic plants and limit invertebrate and fish habitats. The die-off of blooms may deplete oxygen and kill fish. Some cyanobacteria produce toxins, which can cause serious and occasionally fatal human diseases. Harmful algae blooms threaten waterbodies around the world.

When lakes become stagnant and stratify, cyanobacteria can begin to proliferate causing HABs to occur. Cyanobacteria have a competitive advantage in stratified lakes. Many can move themselves up and down the water column to access light for photosynthesis. This movement allows them to out-compete other groups of algae, especially diatoms, which tend to sink more rapidly from their heavy outer shells. Breaking stratification by circulating and mixing the water “levels the playing field” for other more desirable groups of algae to become established. Mixing the water column can prevent cyanobacteria from reaching harmful bloom levels.

Adding Oxygen Reduces Algae Growth Over Time

One commonly used lake management technique to reduce the occurrence of HABs is to pump compressed air to the bottom of a water body, in a process called aeration.

Aeration increases water circulation throughout the water column. The circulation prevents stratification, the layering of water due to temperature and density differences from occurring.

FIND YOUR NEAREST VERTEX DEALER

The process of circulating water also adds oxygen. Mixing water increases the contact time of atmospheric oxygen with water, allowing for increased oxygen concentrations throughout the water column. Also, oxygenation will occur from exchanges with bubbles as they rise upwards to the surface. Maintaining aerobic (oxygenated) conditions in a lake is an important mechanism to reduce HABs. Cyanobacteria prefer low oxygen environments, while green and diatom algae prefer high oxygen environments. Aeration will alter a lake’s water chemistry to become more oxidized making it less favorable for cyanobacteria to proliferate.

Control nutrients that cause harmful algae to bloom

When oxygen becomes absent at the sediment level (anaerobic), phosphorous and nitrogen are released upwards to the surface waters. These surface nutrients feed and stimulate HABs. The oxygenation process that is induced by aeration can moderate nutrients being released from lake sediments.

While aeration may seem simple on paper, the process of designing a proper aeration system that will meet your expectations and be cost-effective is often easier said than done. Under-aerating a lake can cause more problems than solve. Undersized aeration systems can bring nutrient-laden and sometimes toxic water upwards, which can further stimulate an HAB and/or cause a fish kill. At the same time, over-aerating a lake is costly, competing for funding with other restoration strategies.

About Patrick Goodwin
Patrick earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Florida and a Master of Science in Lake Management from the University of New York, SUNY – Oneonta. As an elite NALMS Certified Lake Manager, he is a lead researcher and a recognized national authority on sustainable lake restoration technology including nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, lake aeration design and cyanobacteria management. He has been on the Florida Lake Management Society Board (FLMS) and a member since 2015. In addition, he is on the Student Committee for the Midwest Aquatic Plant Management Society (MAPMS), as well as nine other prestigious aquatic plant and lake management organizations in the country. Patrick has presented research or conducted training relating to sustainable lake management technology for multiple organizations at their annual conferences.

Vertex Aquatic Solutions, founded in 1977, is the professionals’ choice for research based scientific consulting services, aeration systems, floating fountains, bubble curtains and biological products to enhance water quality in lakes, ponds, canals, marinas and reservoirs. As respected leaders in the lake management industry the Vertex team of aquatic biologists, limnologists, fisheries scientists and engineers work together to deliver science-based, environmentally sound solutions to complex waterbody issues. Our products and services are delivered through an international network of qualified, experienced waterbody professionals who provide local support, service and pond management expertise to customers.